Unit 3, Topic 4:

Functional Groups, Part 2

Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines and Amides

Lesson Instructions

Review the learning goals and success criteria for Topic 4: Functional Groups, Part 2.
- Review the minds on, action, and consolidation sections of the lesson, completing any tasks as outlined.
- Complete the fill-in-the-blanks handouts that have been provided to you. They have been linked below.
- Practice and apply what you've learned by completing the practice tasks outlined at the end of the lesson.

Learning Goals

I am learning to ...

- Identify, name, and draw carboxylic acids.
- Identify, name, and draw esters.
- Identify, name, and draw amines.
- Identify, name, and draw amides.

Minds-On

In this lesson we are learning about Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines and Amides. Let's take a look at some of these common organic compounds.

Organic Functional Groups - Carboxylic Acids and Esters

Organic Functional Groups - Amines

Example - Amino Acids

Have you ever wondered where the "amino" in the term, "amino acid" comes from? Take a look at the diagram below. What are two common features in all of the amino acids?

Hopefully you were able to identify the presence of carboxylic acid in each of the amino acids above. Remember that carboxylic acids have the formula, R-COOH. In this lesson we will be learning how to name amines. Amines are associated with the nitrogen present in each of the amino acids. We will learn how to classify amines as primary, secondary, or tertiary.

Organic Functional Groups - Amides

Example - Air Pollution

Air quality and climate are impacted by nitrogenous compounds in our atmosphere. Specifically, nitrogen-containing amines react in our atmosphere, creating compounds that have implications for the climate and our health. Where do these nitrogenous compounds come from? They are released into our atmosphere naturally and industrially. Nitrogenous compounds have been used as solvents in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. They are also emitted from cigarette smoke. Amines have been experimentally and theoretically proven to oxidize into amides which are then further oxidized to isocyanates. These isocyanates then hydrolyse into ammonia. This can be detrimental as ammonia reacts with other chemicals in the atmosphere, contributing to smog, impacting the climate, and causing potential health issues.

Retrieved from https://www.compoundchem.com/2015/10/21/rtc-week-2015-3-nitrogen-containing-atmospheric-pollutants/

Action

Carboxylic Acids

- are hydrocarbons that contain the carboxyl functional group at the end of a parent chain. [ending: -oic acid].

The general notation for a carboxylic acid is:

NAMING CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

- Locate the longest chain that contains the carboxyl functional group at the end of the chain.
- Name the parent chain as an alkane/alkene/alkyne and replace the -e ending with -oic acid.
- Number the parent chain so that the carboxyl group is at position #1 (C1).
- Continue to name any alkyl branches as covered in previous topics.

PRACTICE NAMING CARBOXYLIC ACIDS

EXAMPLE 1. NAME THE FOLLOWING CARBOXYLIC ACID.

EXAMPLE 2. NAME THE FOLLOWING CARBOXYLIC ACID.

EXAMPLE 3. NAME THE FOLLOWING CARBOXYLIC ACID.

Esters

- are hydrocarbons that contain two a C=O and C-O within a parent chain. [ending: -oate].

The general notation for an ester is:

NAMING ESTERS

- Name the group attached to the O, (the O-R’ as shown above) as an alkyl branch.
- Name the parent chain that includes the C=O, replacing the -e ending with -oate.
- Put the two names together (but as separate words).

PRACTICE NAMING ESTERS

EXAMPLE 1. NAME THE FOLLOWING ESTER.

EXAMPLE 2. NAME THE FOLLOWING ESTER.

EXAMPLE 3. NAME THE FOLLOWING ESTER.

Amines

- are hydrocarbons that contain a nitrogen (N) attached to one or more alkyl groups. [ending: -amine].

This is the general notation for an amine:

NAMING AMINES

- Identify the longest chain attached to the N atom as the parent chain.
- Replace the -e ending at the end of the parent chain with -amine.
- Indicate the position number – the carbon that the nitrogen is bonded to.
- Name the other alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen using N- instead of a position number.

PRACTICE NAMING AMINES

EXAMPLE 1. NAME THE FOLLOWING AMINE.

EXAMPLE 2. NAME THE FOLLOWING AMINE.

EXAMPLE 3. NAME THE FOLLOWING AMINE.

Amides

- are hydrocarbons that contain the carboxyl group (C=O) attached to the nitrogen (N). [ending: -amide].

This is the general notation for an amide:

NAMING AMIDES

- Identify the parent chain, which will always include the C=O. This carbon is position #1 (C1).
- Replace the -e ending of the parent chain name with -amide.
- Name any alkyl groups attached to the nitrogen using N- instead of position number.

PRACTICE NAMING AMIDES

EXAMPLE 1. NAME THE FOLLOWING AMIDE.

EXAMPLE 2. NAME THE FOLLOWING AMIDE.

EXAMPLE 3. NAME THE FOLLOWING AMIDE.

Consolidation

To consolidate your learning of carboxylic acids, esters, amines and amides, complete the following practice questions.

Once you have complete the practice questions above, check your answers using the solutions below. Make note of any corrections you need to make. Then, upload your completed homework questions on D2L.

This lesson is now complete. Return to D2L - Brightspace and complete the assigned tasks to consolidate your learning.

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